The singers of these hymns were referred as Tirupadiyam Vinnapam seyvar or Pidarar in Tamil inscriptions from about the 8th to 16th-centuries, such as the inscriptions of Nandivarman III in the Tiruvallam Bilavaneswara temple records. Many other inscriptions likely are related to the musical bhakti singing tradition founded by Sambandar and other Nayanars. The Child Saint Sambandar, chola bronze, 12th century India, Freer Gallery of Art, Washington DC InscriptionsĪn inscription of Rajaraja Chola I at Tiruvarur mentions Sambandar along with Appar, Sundarar and the latter's wife Nangai Paravaiyar. Sambandar died in the Tamil month of "Vaigasi" at the age of sixteen at his wedding. Att the age of three, he is said to have mastered the Vedas. His father saw drops of milk on the child's mouth and asked who had fed him, whereupon the boy pointed to the sky and responded with the song Todudaya Seviyan, the first verse of the Tevaram. When Sambandar was three years old his parents took him to the Shiva temple where Shiva and his consort Parvati appeared before the child. Īccording to the Tamil texts, Sambandar was born to Sivapada Hrudiyar and his wife Bhagavathiar who lived in Sirkazhi, Tamil Nadu. The first three volumes of the Tirumurai contain three hundred and eighty-four poems of Sambandar, all that survive out of a reputed more than 10,000 hymns. A Sanskrit hagiography called Brahmapureesa Charitam is now lost. Information about Sambandar comes mainly from the Periya Puranam, the eleventh-century Tamil book on the Nayanars that forms the last volume of the Tirumurai, along with the earlier Tiruttondartokai, poetry by Sundarar and Nambiyandar Nambi's Tiru Tondar Tiruvandadi. Īmirthakadaieeshwarar temple relief depicting Appar bearing Sambandar's palanquin He was a contemporary of Appar, another Shaiva poet-saint. He is one of the most prominent of the sixty-three Nayanars, Tamil Shaiva bhakti saints who lived between the sixth and the tenth centuries CE. The surviving compositions of Sambandar are preserved in the first three volumes of the Tirumurai, and provide a part of the philosophical foundation of Shaiva Siddhanta. These narrate an intense loving devotion (bhakti) to the Hindu god Shiva. According to the Tamil Shaiva tradition, he composed an oeuvre of 16,000 hymns in complex meters, of which 383 (384) hymns with 4,181 stanzas have survived. He was a child prodigy who lived just 16 years. Sambandar, also referred to as Tirujnana Sambandar ( Tamil: சம்பந்தர்), Tirujnanasambanda, Campantar or Jñāṉacampantar, was a Shaiva poet-saint of Tamil Nadu who lived sometime in the 7th century CE.
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